The disease named Aortic Stenosis normally occurs in persons aged 75 or above. Earlier only the option of Open heart surgery was available, but now Aortic Stenosis can be Cured in Elderly Patients who are too ill or are at high surgical risk. Also the treatment requires minimum hospitalisation.
First of all you should know what is “Aortic Stenosis”.
- Aortic Stenosis is the narrowing of the aortic valve of the heart, which carries blood from heart to the rest of the body. It is a condition where the aortic valve cannot open & close properly. This condition puts extra strain on the heart & can result in breathlessness, swollen ankles, chest pain, dizziness, and sometimes, blackouts. The people with this disease find it difficult to walk few steps. In half of the patients, this disease occurs due to age-related narrowing/ degeneration of the aortic valve. In India, one out of 10 persons aged 75 & above is affected with this disease. Once it is diagnosed, nine out of 10 patients who do not get any treatment die within four years. The treatment options available are : Balloon Valvuloplasty, Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (Open heart surgery) and TAVI.
Now what is “TAVI” procedure.
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- Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) also known as Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement (PAVR) or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) is a procedure to treat Aortic Stenosis without surgery. In patients who are at high-risk of complications in surgery or people who are too ill or who have many other medical problems, the aortic valve can be replaced by TAVI.
- Transcatheter aortic valves are specially designed for this procedure. The valve is made of natural tissue from the heart of either a cow or a pig. The natural tissue is re-engineered and attached to a flexible expanding mesh frame.
- TAVI is a procedure in which an aortic valve is implanted using a catheter which is inserted into a large blood vessel in the groin or through a small incision in the chest. In order to implant it into the heart, the valve is squeezed around or inside a catheter. The catheter is then inserted and guided to the aortic valve opening in the heart where it is implanted over the existing valve. Once the new valve is implanted, the catheter is removed. The new valve starts working right away. The patient undergoing this procedure usually requires hospitalisation for five to ten days.
- The catheter procedure was invented and developed in Aarhus University Hospital Denmark in 1989 by Dr. Henning Rud Andersen, who performed the first animal implantations the same year. The first implantation in a patient was performed in 2002 by Prof Alain Cribier in Hopital Charles Nicolle, at the University of Rouen. It is now approved in more than 50 countries. It is effective in improving functioning in the patients with severe aortic stenosis. In the US, it received FDA approval in November 2011 for use in inoperable patients and in October 2012 for use in patients at high surgical risk.
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